Journal: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
Article Title: Valvular Leaflets Are Not Innocent Bystanders: Divergent Fibrotic Remodeling Accompanies Functional Mitral and Tricuspid Regurgitation
doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.125.324134
Figure Lengend Snippet: Elucidating the mechanism of valvular interstitial cell (VIC) subpopulation imbalance during functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR) progression. A , Temporal differentiation trajectory curves of antifibrotic and profibrotic VIC subpopulations. B , Cell density curve plots of each antifibrotic VIC and profibrotic VIC subpopulation along pseudotime progression. C , Gene cluster heatmap and functional enrichment analysis before and after branched point 1. D , Temporal gene expression profiling of profibrotic and antifibrotic VIC markers. E , Analysis of IFN (interferon) signaling during VIC differentiation. F , Gene Set Enrichment Analysis of TGF (transforming growth factor) β signaling pathway enrichment with FTR disease severity. G , Comparison of IFITM1/3 expression between antifibrotic and profibrotic VICs (Student t test with Welch correction). H , Dot plot showing the IFN signaling intensity during the progression of FTR and functional mitral regurgitation (FMR). I , Immunofluorescence staining of IFITM1 in valve tissues from patients with different FMR stages; scale bar indicates 200 µm. J , Representative immunohistochemical images of the TGFβ signaling activation marker p-SMAD3 at different stages of FTR disease. DAPI indicates 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DDRTree, Discriminative Dimensionality Reduction via learning a Tree; ECM, extracellular matrix; GO, gene ontology; IFN, interferon; NES, normalized enrichment score; and TV, tricuspid valve.
Article Snippet: Concurrently, RO8191, an IFN (interferon) receptor agonist (HY-W063968; MCE ), was used to examine the regulatory effects of IFN pathway activation on the phenotypic transition of valvular interstitial cells (VICs) from an antifibrotic to a profibrotic state.
Techniques: Functional Assay, Gene Expression, Comparison, Expressing, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Immunohistochemical staining, Activation Assay, Marker